Zhu Zushou, Chinese diplomat, Died at 77

Zhu Zushou: A Noteworthy Chinese Diplomat

Zhu Zushou, known as 朱祖寿 in Chinese, was a distinguished Chinese diplomat who made significant and lasting contributions throughout his career. His journey began in June 1945, and from an early age, he dedicated himself to serving his nation in various diplomatic capacities.

A Diplomatic Odyssey

Zhu's diplomatic voyage was defined by a deep-seated commitment to fortifying international relations. His notable roles included serving as the Chinese ambassador to the Netherlands from 2001 to 2003, during which he played a pivotal part in nurturing bilateral ties between China and the Netherlands.

Following his successful tenure in the Netherlands, Zhu embraced the position of ambassador to Hungary from 2003 to 2007. During this period, he worked tirelessly to advance diplomatic collaboration and fostered better understanding between China and Hungary.

Zhu's dedication and expertise were further acknowledged when he assumed the role of China's representative to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons from 2007 to 2011. In this crucial position, he made substantial contributions to global endeavors aimed at eradicating chemical weapons, underscoring the vital role of international cooperation in preserving peace and security.

A Bittersweet Farewell

Sadly, Zhu Zushou's life was prematurely halted by the global COVID-19 pandemic. On January 1, 2023, at the age of 77, he passed away in Beijing. His untimely departure was not only a loss for China but also a loss for the international diplomatic community.

Zhu Zushou's legacy as a devoted diplomat and proponent of international collaboration will endure and be commemorated for generations. His diplomatic contributions stand as a testimony to the timeless significance of peaceful relations among nations.

Wang Zhiliang, Chinese translator, Died at 94

Wang Zhiliang: Building Literary Bridges across Cultures

Wang Zhiliang (Chinese: 王智量; pinyin: Wáng Zhìliàng) was a prominent Chinese-Australian literary translator dedicated to promoting cultural understanding through the art of translation. Born on 19 June 1928 in Hanzhong, Shaanxi, Wang's translation journey spanned nearly five decades, leaving an enduring imprint on the literary world.

A Passion for Language and Literature

Wang's passion for language and literature flourished during his early years. In 1947, he embarked on his academic path at Peking University, majoring in Russian language. Guided by distinguished mentors like Hu Shih and Zhu Guangqian, he delved into the realm of literature. Wang's dedication and determination led him to a teaching position at his alma mater upon graduating in 1952.

Navigating Through Challenges

In 1958, Wang faced a formidable challenge when the Chinese government labeled him a rightist. Consequently, he was sent to the May Seventh Cadre Schools to undertake strenuous labor in the Taihang Mountains. Undaunted by adversity, Wang's spirit remained unbreakable.

Amidst the tumultuous years of the Cultural Revolution, Wang worked as a factory laborer in Shanghai in 1960. Despite the hardships, his love for literature continued to burn fervently.

A Resilient Return to Academia

With the dawn of a new era post the Cultural Revolution, Wang's expertise found its rightful place. In 1977, he commenced a new academic journey, teaching at East China Normal University. It was during this phase that he embarked on the monumental task of translating Russian literary gems into Chinese, sharing the richness of Russian literature with a broader audience.

Bridging Cultures through Translation

Wang Zhiliang made notable contributions to the field of translation, particularly in translating the works of Russian novelists Ivan Turgenev and Alexander Pushkin into Chinese. His meticulous translations brought these literary giants' works to life, enabling Chinese readers to savor the beauty and depth of Russian literature.

In acknowledgment of his extraordinary efforts to introduce Russian literature to a global audience, Wang was honored with the prestigious Pushkin Medal by the Government of the Russian Federation in 1999.

A Legacy of Mutual Understanding

In the 1990s, Wang relocated to Australia with his children, further enriching his life experiences. He eventually settled in Shanghai in the 2000s, where he continued to contribute to the world of literary translation.

Wang Zhiliang's legacy as a cultural bridge remains a cherished asset. On 2 January 2023, at the age of 94, Wang passed away, leaving behind a substantial body of work that continues to foster understanding and appreciation between the Chinese and Russian literary traditions. His dedication to the art of translation stands as an enduring testament to the potency of words in transcending borders and uniting hearts.

Wang Hao, Chinese military officer, Died at 92

Wang Hao: A Notable Chinese Military Figure

Wang Hao, a significant figure in China's People's Liberation Army (PLA), devoted his life to the service of his country. Born in Shanghai in February 1930, he later traced his ancestral roots to Changzhou, Jiangsu. Wang's impactful journey as a Chinese major general (shaojiang) left an enduring legacy on China's military landscape.

Early Years and Education

Wang embarked on his academic journey at Tsinghua University, commencing his education. His graduation from this prestigious institution in 1952 marked the inception of a career dedicated to his nation's service.

A Commitment to Education and Nation

After completing his education, Wang embraced an educational role at the PLA Military Institute of Engineering, where he imparted knowledge and expertise to the next generation of military leaders. In this capacity, he also pledged allegiance to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) by becoming a party member in 1952.

In 1979, Wang embraced a new challenge as he transitioned to the esteemed National University of Defense Technology. Over the years, he made significant contributions to the institution's mission and goals. In 1982, he assumed the directorship of the Department of Systems Engineering and Applied Mathematics, showcasing his versatility and dedication to academic excellence.

Leadership and Dedication

Wang's leadership prowess became apparent when he assumed the pivotal role of political commissioner at the National University of Defense Technology in 1983. He held this position until 1990, playing a crucial role in shaping the institution's policies and direction.

In recognition of his exceptional contributions and steadfast dedication, Wang Hao attained the esteemed rank of major general (shaojiang) in 1988. This promotion underscored his leadership abilities and the profound impact he had on the military community and the nation as a whole.

A Life Honored and Remembered

On January 1, 2023, China bid farewell to this remarkable military leader. Wang Hao's legacy endures as a symbol of commitment, leadership, and dedication to the nation's service. His contributions to the People's Liberation Army and the National University of Defense Technology will continue to inspire future generations of military leaders in China. Wang Hao's life and career serve as a testament to the cherished values of education, service, and leadership that he held dear.

Walter Cunningham, American astronaut, Died at 90

Ronnie Walter Cunningham: A Multifaceted American Pioneer

Ronnie Walter Cunningham, a man of diverse talents and remarkable accomplishments, left an indelible mark on various fields during his lifetime. His journey began on March 16, 1932, in Creston, Iowa, setting the stage for a life filled with achievements in astronautics, education, business, and literature. His passing on January 3, 2023, at the age of 90, marked the end of an era, but his legacy continues to inspire.

Early Years and Military Service

Growing up in Creston, Iowa, Ronnie Cunningham completed his high school education at Venice High School in Los Angeles, California, in 1950. Eager for further knowledge, he pursued education at Santa Monica College before embarking on a military path by enlisting in the U.S. Navy in 1951.

His military journey saw him undergo flight training in 1952, leading to his service as a fighter pilot with the U.S. Marine Corps from 1953 to 1956. In Korea, he displayed exceptional courage as a night fighter pilot, completing an impressive 54 missions. Post his active duty, he continued his military engagement in the United States Marine Corps Reserve, ultimately retiring as a colonel.

In his personal life, Cunningham was a family man, marrying Lo Ella Irby and later Dorothy "Dot" Cunningham. Academically inclined, he pursued higher studies at Santa Monica College and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), excelling academically in physics. His academic pursuits also led him toward a Doctor of Philosophy degree in physics at UCLA.

NASA Career and Contributions

Cunningham's foray into the realm of space exploration commenced in October 1963 when NASA selected him as part of the third group of astronauts. His pivotal moment arrived on October 11, 1968, when he assumed the role of Lunar Module Pilot for the groundbreaking Apollo 7 mission. This mission marked the first crewed launch of an Apollo mission, a monumental step for space exploration.

Beyond Apollo 7, Cunningham ventured into the Skylab branch within the Flight Crew Directorate, making significant contributions. He concluded his NASA tenure in 1971, leaving behind a legacy of remarkable achievements and advancements in space exploration.

Life Beyond NASA

Post NASA, Ronnie Cunningham explored a myriad of interests. He delved into business management, attending Harvard Business School's Advanced Management Program in 1974. As a businessman and investor, he engaged in private ventures and authored the book "The All-American Boys," offering a personal glimpse into his astronaut experiences.

Cunningham's contributions also extended to radio hosting, public speaking, consultancy for technology startups, and serving as the chairman of the Texas Aerospace Commission. His engagement in diverse domains showcased his dynamic capabilities and insatiable curiosity.

Legacy and Final Journey

On January 3, 2023, Ronnie Cunningham passed away in Houston at the age of 90, following complications resulting from a fall. His departure marked the end of an extraordinary life filled with diverse accomplishments.

Views on Global Warming

Cunningham held unique views on global warming, expressing skepticism about human control over the Earth's temperature. He authored "Global Warming: Facts versus Faith" in 2010, challenging prevailing assertions regarding human-made carbon dioxide's role in global warming.

Ronnie Walter Cunningham's life was a testament to exploration, education, and unwavering commitment to his beliefs. His legacy remains a vital part of space history and the ongoing discourse on climate change, inspiring generations to come.

Viktor Fainberg, Russian philologist, Died at 91

Viktor Isaakovich Fainberg: A Defiant Voice in Soviet Dissent

Viktor Isaakovich Fainberg, known by his Russian name Ви́ктор Исаа́кович Фа́йнберг, was a notable Russian philologist and a key figure in the dissident movement within the Soviet Union. Born on November 26, 1931, he gained acclaim for his unwavering dedication to opposing the oppressive regime of his time. Unfortunately, on January 2, 2023, at the age of 91, Viktor Fainberg passed away, leaving behind a legacy of courage and resistance.

Early Years and Advocacy

Viktor Fainberg was born to Isaac Fainberg and Sarah Dashevskaya during a tumultuous period marked by antisemitic campaigns from 1948 to 1952. Growing up amidst discrimination and harassment, Fainberg refused to accept these injustices and stood up against his oppressors, often defying them. This boldness even led to him being referred to a psychiatrist at one point.

In 1957, a confrontation with a policeman, triggered by antisemitic insults, resulted in Fainberg being sentenced to one year of corrective labor. This incident only fueled his determination to resist injustice, a resolve that remained unshakeable throughout his life.

Academic Pursuits and Dissent

In 1968, Fainberg completed his studies at Leningrad University, specializing in the English unit of the philological department. He presented an exceptional diploma thesis on the writer Salinger, earning distinction for his scholarly work. During that summer, he worked as a guide at Pavlovsk Palace.

Fainberg's significant act of dissent took place in 1968 when he participated in the infamous Red Square demonstration against the Soviet-led military invasion of Czechoslovakia. His bravery led to his arrest and subsequent confinement in a psychiatric hospital. The demonstration left Fainberg injured, including the loss of several teeth, but he was never presented for trial in such a state and was instead institutionalized.

Despite the lack of a fair trial, Fainberg was committed for compulsory treatment at the Special Psychiatric Hospital in Leningrad from January 1969 to February 1973.

Emigration and Advocacy Overseas

In 1974, Fainberg successfully emigrated from the Soviet Union to Israel, escaping the repressive regime and allowing him to continue his activism in new ways. He played a pivotal role in initiating the "Campaign Against Psychiatric Abuse" (CAPA) aimed at combating punitive psychiatry in the USSR. The severity of psychiatric abuses in the Soviet Union gained international recognition, leading to the country's expulsion from the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) in 1983.

Fainberg's relentless efforts, coupled with support from fellow activists, contributed to his eventual release.

Legacy and Accolades

On October 27, 2014, Viktor Fainberg was honored by Slovak President Andrej Kiska, along with other dissenters from the summer of 1968. He was awarded the Medal of the President of the Slovak Republic in recognition of his solidarity with Czechoslovakia. British playwright Tom Stoppard dedicated the play "Every Good Boy Deserves Favour" to both Vladimir Bukovsky and Viktor Fainberg.

Viktor Fainberg's legacy endures, as does his impact on the fight for human rights and freedom. He leaves behind a daughter, Sarah, who continues his spirit of activism as a research fellow at the Institute for National Security Studies in Tel Aviv.

Although Viktor Fainberg is no longer with us, his brave stand against oppression continues to inspire individuals worldwide, serving as a reminder of the enduring power of the human spirit in the face of adversity.

Vasil Timkovič, Czechoslovak soldier, Died at 99

Vasil Timkovič: A World War II Hero

Vasil Timkovič, a valiant veteran of World War II, left an indelible mark in history through his courageous service. He was born on 21 March 1923 in Skotarskoje, a village in Carpathian Ruthenia, then part of Czechoslovakia. His life narrative stands as a testament to resilience and unwavering dedication.

An Extraordinary Odyssey

Before enlisting in the army, Timkovič faced formidable challenges, including surviving a stint in a gulag. This grueling experience only fueled his determination and prepared him for the battles that awaited.

In the midst of World War II, Vasil Timkovič displayed exceptional valor as part of the 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps. He was deployed to the Eastern Front, where he played a pivotal role in significant battles such as the Battle of Kiev and the Battle of the Dukla Pass. These battles were critical in the war effort, and Timkovič's contributions were of immense value.

As a soldier, he not only defended his homeland but also upheld the ideals of freedom and justice. His actions on the battlefield showcased courage in the face of adversity, establishing him as one of the last living witnesses to the intense confrontations that unfolded on the Eastern Front during World War II.

A Hero's Final Salute

Vasil Timkovič's remarkable journey came to a close on 2 January 2023, at the age of 99. His passing marked the end of an era, as he stood as one of the last surviving witnesses of the Eastern Front battles. In tribute to his service and sacrifices, he was laid to rest on 13 January 2023 with full military honors in Česká Třebová.

His legacy as a war hero and a symbol of resilience and bravery will endure, continuing to inspire generations. Vasil Timkovič's unwavering dedication to his country and the cause of freedom will forever be enshrined and commemorated.

Thomas L. Hughes, American government official, Died at 97

Thomas Lowe Hughes: A Stalwart of Public Service

Thomas Lowe Hughes, a prominent American government official, gained renown for his substantial roles in intelligence and international relations. His career, spanning multiple administrations, left an indelible mark on the realms of diplomacy and peace.

Early Years and Academic Pursuits

Born on December 11, 1925, in Mankato, Minnesota, Thomas Lowe Hughes showcased early promise that would mold his future trajectory. He pursued his educational aspirations fervently, commencing at Carleton College in Minnesota. Driven by a thirst for knowledge and a commitment to academic excellence, he furthered his educational odyssey at the prestigious Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar. Hughes continued to sharpen his legal acumen at Yale Law School, culminating in his graduation in 1952.

Dedication to the Public Good

Thomas Lowe Hughes embodied a profound dedication to public service, a theme that resonated throughout his career. He offered vital counsel to Minnesota Senator Hubert Humphrey from 1955 to 1958, playing a pivotal role in the legislative arena.

However, Hughes's most noteworthy roles were on the horizon. During the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, he assumed the critical mantle of Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR). In this capacity, he held the responsibility for vital intelligence and research efforts that informed crucial governmental decisions.

The USS Liberty Incident

A significant episode during Hughes's tenure as Director of INR was his response to the 1967 USS Liberty incident. Post this incident, he composed an incisive memo directed to Under Secretary of State Nicholas Katzenbach. Hughes meticulously analyzed the events surrounding the assault on the USS Liberty.

Expressing astonishment at the failure to correctly identify the American vessel during the attack, Hughes emphasized the absence of proper air identification despite numerous strafing runs by the aircraft. He underlined the considerable time lapse between the air attack and the subsequent torpedo boat assault, highlighting the missed opportunity for the attackers to halt the surface attack had correct air identification been established.

Furthermore, Hughes underscored the crew's ability to identify and document the hull number of a small, swift-moving torpedo boat, juxtaposed with the Israeli boat commanders' failure to identify the conspicuously larger and easily recognizable USS Liberty, prominently marked with identification insignia.

His memo voiced concerns regarding the attackers' seeming indifference to the target's identity and intent. Hughes found the Israeli explanation for the incident lacking in credibility.

Looking back on the incident, Hughes later stated, "We were quite convinced the Israelis knew what they were doing. It was hard to come to any other conclusion." His dedication to analytical rigor and a commitment to truth in intelligence shone through in his response.

Legacy and Transition

Thomas Lowe Hughes's substantial contributions to American governance and international relations are widely acknowledged and esteemed. His unwavering commitment to upholding principles of integrity and accuracy in intelligence continues to resonate.

Sadly, Hughes passed away in Washington D.C. on January 2, 2023, at the age of 97. His legacy as a devoted public servant and a champion for truth serves as an enduring inspiration for those in the fields of diplomacy and intelligence.